摘要：目(mu)前，我国大部(bu)分10Kv配电(dian)室均采(cai)用(yong)微机(ji)继电(dian)保(bao)护(hu)设备进行相应(ying)保(bao)护(hu)。日前，北(bei)京(jing)(jing)市京(jing)(jing)海杰物业工程(cheng)供电(dian)局做(zuo)继电(dian)保(bao)护(hu)实(shi)验，出(chu)现测试(shi)仪输(shu)出(chu)电(dian)流与微机(ji)综合保(bao)护(hu)装置保(bao)护(hu)采(cai)样电(dian)流之间出(chu)现较大差(cha)值，以此为依据找导致(zhi)出(chu)现上述(shu)现象的根源(yuan)—谐(xie)波。
关键词：继电(dian)保护 保护电(dian)流 电(dian)源不稳定 谐(xie)波(bo)
一(yi)、概述(shu)：RC3000系列微(wei)机保(bao)护(hu)测(ce)控装置产品被广泛(fan)应用于北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)(jing)市的国防、军(jun)事、医用、改造、科研(yan)、民建等(deng)项(xiang)目，日(ri)前在与北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)(jing)海淀供(gong)电局在北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)(jing)市京(jing)(jing)(jing)海杰物业(ye)工程(cheng)做继(ji)(ji)电保(bao)护(hu)试验中，出现测(ce)试仪输(shu)出电流与微(wei)机综(zong)合保(bao)护(hu)装置保(bao)护(hu)采样(yang)(yang)电流之间出现较大差值，针(zhen)对(dui)这一(yi)突发的现象，公司领导高(gao)度重视(shi)，专门组(zu)织专案处理(li)小(xiao)组(zu)针(zhen)对(dui)此(ci)问题进(jin)行(xing)突击，经(jing)过多(duo)方摸索与谈论，远程(cheng)分析后最终(zhong)敲定引发此(ci)次问题的根源(yuan)在于—谐(xie)波(bo)。谐(xie)波(bo)到底是(shi)从何而来，为何会(hui)影响到继(ji)(ji)电保(bao)护(hu)设备的保(bao)护(hu)采样(yang)(yang)数据，让我们一(yi)起来进(jin)行(xing)更(geng)深入的探讨。
二(er)、现场继电(dian)保护(hu)实验平台(tai)硬件(jian)构成
; 硬件构(gou)成(cheng)图(tu)
三、问题分析及解决步(bu)骤(zhou)
A、问(wen)题(ti)分析步骤：1、确保继电(dian)(dian)保护装置正常；2、排除外部接线、互(hu)感器等外因(yin)；3、确保测试仪(yi)输(shu)出电(dian)(dian)流(liu)的精准性
B、问题(ti)处(chu)理步骤：
1、更换(huan)备品，排除内因。
1）、立即更换(huan)上性能正常(chang)的相同(tong)型号的微机继(ji)电保护装(zhuang)置(zhi)，此步骤(zhou)旨在(zai)排(pai)除(chu)装(zhuang)置(zhi)本身原因(yin)所致测试仪输出(chu)实际电流与(yu)微机综(zong)合保护装(zhuang)置(zhi)采样电流之间出(chu)现较(jiao)大(da)差值。
2）、更换完成后，再次做继电(dian)保(bao)护实(shi)(shi)验，保(bao)护电(dian)流(liu)依然出(chu)现(xian)测试(shi)仪(yi)输出(chu)实(shi)(shi)际电(dian)流(liu)与微(wei)机综合(he)保(bao)护装置采(cai)样电(dian)流(liu)之间(jian)出(chu)现(xian)较(jiao)大差值的现(xian)象。
3）、排(pai)除(chu)微机继电保护装置本身原(yuan)因所致上述现(xian)象，现(xian)分析(xi)此现(xian)象为外(wai)来因素所致。
2、排除外(wai)部接线、互感器等外(wai)因
按照施工(gong)图纸一一比对确认(ren)之后，外部接线(xian)及互感(gan)器均严格按图施工(gong)
; 3、通过(guo)以上排(pai)除(chu)，现将焦点(dian)放在(zai)测试仪上面
1）、测试仪为供电部门常用的智能型测试仪
2）、测(ce)试(shi)仪电源为柴油(you)发电机供电
对1进(jin)行分析，供电局(ju)经(jing)常与(yu)该微机继(ji)电保护设备厂(chang)家配合实验，使用的依(yi)然为此台(tai)测试仪，均(jun)正常，据此初步排除测试仪本身原因(yin)。
对2进行分析，从测试(shi)仪(yi)(yi)电(dian)(dian)源(yuan)入手，柴油发(fa)(fa)电(dian)(dian)机所发(fa)(fa)电(dian)(dian)直接导(dao)(dao)致测试(shi)仪(yi)(yi)输(shu)出电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)中(zhong)产(chan)生(sheng)大量(liang)的(de)谐波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，而该继电(dian)(dian)保护(hu)(hu)设备保护(hu)(hu)电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)采(cai)(cai)样(yang)计算方(fang)式为只采(cai)(cai)基(ji)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)方(fang)式，而非采(cai)(cai)用基(ji)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)与谐波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)叠加(jia)的(de)方(fang)式，而此(ci)时的(de)测试(shi)仪(yi)(yi)在柴油发(fa)(fa)电(dian)(dian)机的(de)影响下，测试(shi)仪(yi)(yi)输(shu)出电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)中(zhong)产(chan)生(sheng)了大量(liang)的(de)谐波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，这就是导(dao)(dao)致测试(shi)仪(yi)(yi)输(shu)出电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)与微机综(zong)合保护(hu)(hu)装置保护(hu)(hu)采(cai)(cai)样(yang)电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)之(zhi)间出现(xian)较大差值(zhi)的(de)罪魁(kui)祸首—谐波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)。
四(si)、造成谐(xie)波的(de)原因、对微机继电保护设备的(de)影(ying)响及抑制谐(xie)波的(de)措施(shi)
在本次继(ji)电(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)实验中(zhong)，柴油发电(dian)(dian)机提供过的电(dian)(dian)源中(zhong)非(fei)线性因(yin)素是产(chan)生谐波的主要因(yin)素。谐波不(bu)仅会(hui)严(yan)重恶化电(dian)(dian)源质量,更能够(gou)对(dui)该系统中(zhong)的各(ge)种电(dian)(dian)力设备(bei)造成很大的危害(hai),最终降(jiang)低整个(ge)输出(chu)(chu)(chu)电(dian)(dian)源的的使用效率(lv)。对(dui)于继(ji)电(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)设备(bei)而言(yan),谐波会(hui)大幅度提高其(qi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)误(wu)动与保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)拒动的可能性,进而出(chu)(chu)(chu)现各(ge)种事故(gu),面对(dui)日趋严(yan)重的谐波问(wen)题,更深入了(le)了(le)解谐波对(dui)继(ji)电(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)的影响,有利(li)于我们(men)加深相关认识,并(bing)据(ju)此制(zhi)定出(chu)(chu)(chu)有效的控制(zhi)措施。
柴油(you)发电(dian)机产(chan)生的(de)(de)谐波对继(ji)(ji)电(dian)保(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)影响较大，在谐波严(yan)重的(de)(de)情(qing)况(kuang)下可(ke)能(neng)会导致(zhi)(zhi)继(ji)(ji)电(dian)保(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)不正确动作(zuo)（拒动或误动），本次实(shi)(shi)验就(jiu)直接导致(zhi)(zhi)了(le)(le)保(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)电(dian)流受影响而致(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)继(ji)(ji)电(dian)保(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)不动作(zuo)。为了(le)(le)保(bao)(bao)证该系统继(ji)(ji)电(dian)保(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)正常运行，需(xu)要充分重视谐波对继(ji)(ji)电(dian)保(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)影响，采取切实(shi)(shi)有效(xiao)的(de)(de)措施，减小或防(fang)止(zhi)谐波对继(ji)(ji)电(dian)保(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)影响，确保(bao)(bao)继(ji)(ji)电(dian)保(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)实(shi)(shi)验的(de)(de)顺(shun)利稳定运行。
1、在(zai)本次实验中哪些(xie)因素会导致产生谐波(bo)以(yi)及谐波(bo)的度(du)量(liang)方法
1）、在本次(ci)实验系统中的谐波，主要是(shi)柴油(you)发(fa)电(dian)机(ji)生产的电(dian)源负载测试(shi)仪(yi)产生的。
柴油(you)发电(dian)(dian)机(ji)组(zu)的(de)电(dian)(dian)源(yuan)内(nei)阻远高于(yu)市电(dian)(dian)网络(luo)，当非线性(xing)负载连(lian)接上时会产生谐(xie)波，使电(dian)(dian)压波形产生严重(zhong)畸(ji)变(bian)，也称谐(xie)波畸(ji)变(bian)。典型(xing)的(de)非线性(xing)负载包括计算机(ji)、测试(shi)仪、荧光灯(deng)电(dian)(dian)子镇流(liu)器以及不间断电(dian)(dian)源(yuan)（UPS），而此时该(gai)系统中负载的(de)测试(shi)仪就会产生很大的(de)谐(xie)波。
在本次继电(dian)保护(hu)实(shi)验中，我们的(de)RC3000微机保护(hu)测控装(zhuang)置的(de)电(dian)流的(de)采(cai)集计算(suan)方法为(wei)：
A、测量(liang)电(dian)流为：测量(liang)电(dian)流=基(ji)波测量(liang)值+谐波测量(liang)值
B、保(bao)护(hu)电流(liu)为：保(bao)护(hu)电流(liu)=基波测(ce)量值
这样就(jiu)直接导致了我们RC3000装置保护(hu)电流的采集(ji)值比测试仪输出的电流值之间(jian)有较大(da)偏差，直接致使此(ci)次RC3000继电保护(hu)设备不动作的根本原因所在。
在(zai)找到问题根源后，我们不妨透过(guo)此事(shi)更深(shen)入的来了(le)解谐波到底(di)会(hui)对我们的设备有(you)哪些影响(xiang)。
2、此次继电保(bao)护实验引发我们深思(si)，谐波会(hui)如何影响我们的继电保(bao)护设备(bei)
（１） 谐(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)对电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)型继(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)影(ying)响 常规的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)型电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)继(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)动(dong)(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)转(zhuan)矩与线圈内流(liu)(liu)(liu)过(guo)的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)有(you)效值的(de)(de)平方成正比，无论通入基波(bo)(bo)或(huo)是(shi)谐(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)，只要有(you)效值达到电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)继(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)动(dong)(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)继(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)就能(neng)动(dong)(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，因此谐(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)存在就有(you)引起电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)继(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)误(wu)动(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)可能(neng)。对电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压继(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)而(er)(er)言，与电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)继(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)相比，线圈匝数多，阻抗(kang)大(da)。当含有(you)谐(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)畸变电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用于(yu)继(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)时，动(dong)(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)值总是(shi)比基波(bo)(bo)时整定(ding)值大(da)，所(suo)以过(guo)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压继(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)可能(neng)会(hui)拒动(dong)(dong)，而(er)(er)对欠电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)压继(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)却可能(neng)会(hui)误(wu)动(dong)(dong)。电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)型继(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)动(dong)(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)速度(du)较慢(man)，对定(ding)值误(wu)差(cha)也(ye)要求(qiu)不高，在谐(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)含量小于(yu)１０％时，谐(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)对其(qi)影(ying)响不太大(da)。但是(shi)，在谐(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)含量很大(da)并(bing)且各次谐(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)衰减又较慢(man)的(de)(de)场合，电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)型继(ji)(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)误(wu)动(dong)(dong)也(ye)会(hui)造成大(da)的(de)(de)系统事(shi)故。
（２） 谐(xie)波对整流型继电器的(de)影响
整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)型继(ji)电(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的主要特点是将输入交流(liu)(liu)(liu)量进行整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，或者将几个输入交流(liu)(liu)(liu)量组合(he)后(hou)进行整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，继(ji)电(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的动(dong)(dong)作特性(xing)取(qu)决(jue)于(yu)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)后(hou)的电(dian)(dian)压(ya)信(xin)号(hao)（或电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)信(xin)号(hao)）及(ji)其动(dong)(dong)作判据(ju)。整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)型距离保护装置(zhi)（如ＬＨ－２１型）的振荡闭锁经常动(dong)(dong)作，产生这些现象的原因是利 用负序(xu)滤波(bo)(bo)器(qi)(qi)将三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)转变为单(dan)项电(dian)(dian)压(ya)（正比于(yu)负序(xu)电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)），该(gai)滤波(bo)(bo)器(qi)(qi)由接在(zai)一相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)内的电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)互(hu)感器(qi)(qi)和接在(zai)两(liang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)内的电(dian)(dian)抗互(hu)感器(qi)(qi)构成。当系(xi)统(tong)电(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)中含有(you)谐波(bo)(bo)，并且三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)谐波(bo)(bo)不相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等也不对称时，负序(xu)滤波(bo)(bo)器(qi)(qi)就有(you)很(hen)大(da)的谐波(bo)(bo)输出(chu)，加之裂相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)回路对谐波(bo)(bo)的进一步放大(da)作用，使整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)的直流(liu)(liu)(liu)脉(mai)动(dong)(dong)很(hen)大(da)，因而使保护误(wu)起(qi)动(dong)(dong)。
（３） 谐波对距离保护(hu)的(de)影(ying)响
整流(liu)(liu)(liu)型方向阻(zu)抗继电器(qi)的(de)阻(zu)抗特(te)性(xing)(xing)，理(li)想(xiang)状(zhuang)态下(xia)(xia)其(qi)动作特(te)性(xing)(xing)曲线(xian)是一个(ge)圆，但输入电流(liu)(liu)(liu)中谐(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)含量较(jiao)大时(shi)，其(qi)动作曲线(xian)将出现(xian)凹凸(tu)，从而(er)(er)导致(zhi)动作阻(zu)抗值(zhi)和最(zui)大灵(ling)敏角(jiao)发生变化。距离(li)保(bao)护(hu)装(zhuang)置(zhi)中的(de)测(ce)距元件，通常按(an)线(xian)路的(de)基波(bo)(bo)(bo)阻(zu)抗整定。在(zai)故(gu)障情况下(xia)(xia)，当(dang)有谐(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)电流(liu)(liu)(liu)时(shi)（特(te)别是３次(ci)谐(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)），所(suo)测(ce)的(de)阻(zu)抗相对于基波(bo)(bo)(bo)阻(zu)抗值(zhi)可能(neng)会(hui)有相当(dang)大的(de)误差(cha)。因而(er)(er)，当(dang)故(gu)障电流(liu)(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)经高阻(zu)性(xing)(xing)的(de)阻(zu)抗接地(di)时(shi)，接地(di)阻(zu)抗将是主要的(de)。如果(guo)电流(liu)(liu)(liu)中谐(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)分量较(jiao)大，应采(cai)取滤波(bo)(bo)(bo)措(cuo)施，否则造成(cheng)继电器(qi)误动的(de)可能(neng)性(xing)(xing)很大。通过试验，谐(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)含量在(zai)５％以下(xia)(xia)时(shi)，谐(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)对继电器(qi)的(de)影响不(bu)大。
（４） 谐波对零序保护的影响
零(ling)(ling)序(xu)保(bao)护装置中通常是(shi)依据躲过(guo)线路最大(da)不平(ping)衡(heng)的(de)零(ling)(ling)序(xu)电流，当(dang)通过(guo)线路电流只有基波时，线路的(de)不平(ping)衡(heng)的(de)零(ling)(ling)序(xu)电流较小(xiao)，但是(shi)当(dang)线路中含有大(da)量３次谐波时，使得(de)零(ling)(ling)序(xu)电流会(hui)(hui)大(da)大(da)的(de)增加(jia)，可能会(hui)(hui)造成零(ling)(ling)序(xu)保(bao)护的(de)误动。
（５） 谐波对保护启动(dong)量(liang)的影响(xiang)
谐(xie)(xie)波对(dui)负(fu)序量(liang)(liang)(liang)起(qi)动(dong)(dong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)有很大影(ying)响(xiang)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)谐(xie)(xie)波的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)响(xiang)下，负(fu)序电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)可能(neng)(neng)误(wu)(wu)(wu)动(dong)(dong)。对(dui)负(fu)序功率(lv)方(fang)(fang)向高(gao)频保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)响(xiang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)谐(xie)(xie)波透过负(fu)序电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)滤波器和负(fu)序电(dian)(dian)(dian)压(ya)滤波器，而(er)可能(neng)(neng)使高(gao)频闭锁(suo)方(fang)(fang)向保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“正(zheng)向动(dong)(dong)作(zuo)回路”起(qi)动(dong)(dong)，且无(wu)闭锁(suo)信号时，导(dao)致保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)误(wu)(wu)(wu)动(dong)(dong)。对(dui)相(xiang)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)高(gao)频保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)响(xiang)对(dui)于(yu)起(qi)动(dong)(dong)元件(jian)(jian)采(cai)(cai)用负(fu)序电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)元件(jian)(jian)，操作(zuo)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)采(cai)(cai)用Ｉ１＋ＫＩ２的(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)高(gao)频保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)系统谐(xie)(xie)波电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)干扰下，起(qi)动(dong)(dong)元件(jian)(jian)和操作(zuo)元件(jian)(jian)均可能(neng)(neng)起(qi)动(dong)(dong)，从而(er)导(dao)致保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)误(wu)(wu)(wu)动(dong)(dong)。 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)光纤差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)动(dong)(dong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)中，当ＴＡ断线(xian)时，本侧的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)起(qi)动(dong)(dong)，存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)流(liu)，但收不到对(dui)侧的(de)(de)(de)(de)信号而(er)不会误(wu)(wu)(wu)动(dong)(dong)，如果谐(xie)(xie)波使对(dui)侧的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)也起(qi)动(dong)(dong)，那么(me)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)ＴＡ断线(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情况下，保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)就可能(neng)(neng)误(wu)(wu)(wu)动(dong)(dong)。 变(bian)压(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)差(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)动(dong)(dong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)通常(chang)都(dou)采(cai)(cai)用突变(bian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)作(zuo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)起(qi)动(dong)(dong)判据(ju)(ju)。采(cai)(cai)用相(xiang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)采(cai)(cai)样值的(de)(de)(de)(de)突变(bian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)作(zuo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)起(qi)动(dong)(dong)判据(ju)(ju)或者(zhe)采(cai)(cai)用基于(yu)半周(zhou)积(ji)分算法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)工(gong)频变(bian)化量(liang)(liang)(liang)作(zuo)为(wei)(wei)(wei)判据(ju)(ju)，两者(zhe)都(dou)无(wu)法(fa)完全(quan)消除谐(xie)(xie)波的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)响(xiang)，都(dou)可能(neng)(neng)导(dao)致保(bao)(bao)(bao)护(hu)(hu)不正(zheng)常(chang)起(qi)动(dong)(dong)。
; 3、在了解谐(xie)波(bo)的危(wei)害之后，我们(men)深(shen)入了解如(ru)何才(cai)能抑制谐(xie)波(bo)对继电保护影响
1）、 抑制谐(xie)波措施
严格执行国(guo)家标准(zhun)ＧＢ／Ｔ１４５４９－１９９３，将谐波(bo)控制在允许(xu)范(fan)围内(nei)，抑制谐波(bo)可采(cai)用交流无源(yuan)滤波(bo)装(zhuang)置(zhi)、静止无功补偿和有(you)源(yuan)滤波(bo)器等装(zhuang)置(zhi)，近年来，采(cai)用有(you)源(yuan)滤波(bo)器越来越成为抑制谐波(bo)的一个趋(qu)势。
2）、减(jian)小谐波对继电保护影响措施
A、 变压器差动(dong)(dong)保(bao)护中(zhong)的差动(dong)(dong)继电(dian)器，利(li)用速饱和变流(liu)器以及(ji)二次谐波(bo)制动(dong)(dong)。
B、 保护装置尽量不要选取(qu)对谐波(bo)敏感的元件(jian)或(huo)动(dong)作原理，例(li)如采用弱电(dian)继电(dian)器、半(ban)波(bo)比相判(pan)断的方式以及(ji)过零点检测等(deng)等(deng)。
C、 继电保护和自动装置应合理(li)利用硬件(jian)滤(lv)(lv)波(bo)器和数字滤(lv)(lv)波(bo)软(ruan)件(jian)，对进入ＴＡ、ＴＶ二次侧的(de)谐波(bo)量进行滤(lv)(lv)波(bo)处(chu)理(li)，来预防谐波(bo)的(de)干扰。
D、 为了防止二(er)次系统(tong)的(de)谐(xie)波(bo)感抗(kang)与(yu)容抗(kang)之间可能发生谐(xie)振，二(er)次系统(tong)固有频率远离系统(tong)中含(han)量较高整次谐(xie)波(bo)的(de)频率，设计合理的(de)消谐(xie)回(hui)路(lu)，抑(yi)制谐(xie)波(bo)引(yin)起的(de)谐(xie)振过电压。
E、 不得已情况下(xia)，灵(ling)敏(min)(min)系数(shu)能满(man)足(zu)要求的情况下(xia)，提(ti)高整定动作值，但在(zai)多(duo)数(shu)情况下(xia)，会(hui)过分降(jiang)低故障(zhang)响(xiang)应(ying)灵(ling)敏(min)(min)度，并不能完全(quan)避(bi)免谐波影(ying)响(xiang)。
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